Printer

Printer is a tool to process logging output from your code and print it in a readable and pretty format. As of now it only annotates addresses from stack traces with source code locations, but it can be extended later to also print defmt (when this kind of logger will be added to microzig). You can also use it as a library to write build system tools (checkout the rp2xxx_flasher example).

Segger RTT Support

Segger makes a popular open source utility for sending and receiving data to/from an MCU via a JLink probe called Real Time Trace. Support for this protocol was ported to pure Zig, and is available to be used by Arm Cortex-M targets. This enables both logging and sending data from/to the MCU via Segger’s RTT Viewer utility.

Regz Wizard

Regz is the program responsible for generating code to access MMIO within MicroZig. We’ve started building a GUI for it called Regz Wizard. It’s built on top of DVUI, and right now it displays the generated code for an ATDF or SVD file.

In the future it will aid in patching files. Keeping track of changes to an original register schema is important for when that schema is updated, and reproducing changes on similar hardware. Some projects exist just to provide consistent data structure between MCUs. This consistency makes it easier to write HALs that are portable across multiple MCUs.

Initial micro:bit support

Add support for the micro:bit 5x5 led display.

Linker Script Generation

Every firmware needs a linker script that places stuff where it belongs in memory. When porting microzig to a new target you must face the challenge of dealing with a linker script. But fear not as microzig has your back (in most cases). Let’s checkout the linker_script field in Target.

linker_script: LinkerScript = .{},

pub const LinkerScript = struct {
    /// Will anything be auto-generated for this linker script?
    generate: GenerateOptions = .{ .memory_regions_and_sections = .{} },
    /// Linker script path. Will be appended after what is auto-generated if it's not null.
    file: ?LazyPath = null,

    pub const GenerateOptions = union(enum) {
        /// Only generates a comment with target info.
        none,
        /// Only generates memory regions.
        memory_regions,
        /// Generates memory regions and default sections based on the provided options.
        memory_regions_and_sections: struct {
            /// Where should rodata go?
            rodata_location: enum {
                /// Place rodata in the first region tagged as flash.
                flash,
                /// Place rodata in the first region tagged as ram.
                ram,
            } = .flash,
        },
    };
};

For an example let’s look at the target definition of rp2040. In this case we need a linker script that should also place the bootrom at the beginning of flash. Fortunately, we can still mostly auto-generate one and just patch it up a bit.

// port/raspberrypi/rp2xxx/build.zig

const chip_rp2040: microzig.Target = .{
    // ...
    .chip = .{
        // ...
        .memory_regions = &.{
            .{ .tag = .flash, .offset = 0x10000000, .length = 2048 * 1024, .access = .rx },
            .{ .tag = .ram, .offset = 0x20000000, .length = 256 * 1024, .access = .rwx },
        },
    },
    .linker_script = .{
        // The `generate` field defaults to `.memory_regions_and_sections`.

        // This will be appended at the end of the auto-generated linker
        // script.
        .file = b.path("ld/rp2040/sections.ld"),
    },
};

/* port/raspberrypi/rp2xxx/ld/rp2040/sections.ld */

SECTIONS
{
  .boot2 : {
    __boot2_start__ = .;
    KEEP (*(.boot2))
    __boot2_end__ = .;
  } > flash0

  ASSERT(__boot2_end__ - __boot2_start__ == 256,
    "ERROR: Pico second stage bootloader must be 256 bytes in size")
}
INSERT BEFORE .flash_start;

This is the generated linker script:

/*
 * Target CPU:  cortex_m0plus
 * Target Chip: RP2040
 */

/*
 * This section was auto-generated by microzig.
 */
MEMORY
{
  flash0 (rx!w) : ORIGIN = 0x10000000, LENGTH = 0x00200000
  ram0 (rwx) : ORIGIN = 0x20000000, LENGTH = 0x00040000
}
SECTIONS
{
  .flash_start :
  {
    KEEP(*(microzig_flash_start))
  } > flash0

  .text :
  {
    *(.text*)
    *(.srodata*)
    *(.rodata*)
  } > flash0

  .ARM.extab : {
    *(.ARM.extab* .gnu.linkonce.armextab.*)
  } > flash0

  .ARM.exidx : {
    *(.ARM.exidx* .gnu.linkonce.armexidx.*)
  } > flash0

  .data :
  {
    microzig_data_start = .;
    *(.sdata*)
    *(.data*)
    KEEP(*(.ram_text))
    microzig_data_end = .;
  } > ram0 AT> flash0

  .bss (NOLOAD) :
  {
    microzig_bss_start = .;
    *(.sbss*)
    *(.bss*)
    microzig_bss_end = .;
  } > ram0

  .flash_end :
  {
    microzig_flash_end = .;
  } > flash0

  microzig_data_load_start = LOADADDR(.data);
}
/*
 * End of auto-generated section.
 */
SECTIONS
{
  .boot2 : {
    __boot2_start__ = .;
    KEEP (*(.boot2))
    __boot2_end__ = .;
  } > flash0

  ASSERT(__boot2_end__ - __boot2_start__ == 256,
    "ERROR: Pico second stage bootloader must be 256 bytes in size")
}
INSERT BEFORE .flash_start;

FYI

• If the ram memory region used by the linker script generator is executable, a .ram_text section will be included for code that should be placed in ram. This applies to the rp2040 target where the section tagged as ram is executable.